Dados do Resumo

Título

Dental mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for regenerative oncology: a scoping review

Introdução

Patients experience tissue loss as adverse effects of cancer and their treatments. Studies observed therapeutic effects attributed to the paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by all cells that perform intercellular communication, thus, having the potential to regenerate tissues. MSCs from dental tissues demonstrate low immunological rejection, non-invasive collection, and simple expansion.

Objetivo

A scoping review was conducted to understand the state-of-the-art of use of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells of dental origin for the regeneration of tissues.

Métodos

A scoping review was developed following the recommendations of Arksey and O’Malley’s and Joanna Briggs Institute and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework on https://osf.io/r5ms8.
The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) studies investigating using extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells of dental origin and (2) all language and data. Articles were considered ineligible if: (1) human stem cells were not used and (2) In vitro studies.
A search was conducted for papers published up to and including June 2024 from PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. Selected keywords and MeSH terms were used with Boolean operators (OR, AND) to combine searches. The reference list of the studies was also hand-searched. Titles and abstracts were assessed by two reviewers. The full text was evaluated considering the exclusion criterion. Disagreements were resolved with a thirty researcher. The information was extracted from the included articles using tables.

Resultados

From 1418 articles identified by the search, duplicates were removed, and 730 articles were identified. Based on the title and the abstract 675 were excluded. Of the 51 full-text articles, 16 were excluded based on exclusion criteria, and 35 studies were included in this review.
The dental-derived extracellular vesicles of the preclinical studies were obtained from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, apical papilla, and gingiva. In general, studies demonstrated regeneration of cranium facial tissues, including the oral cavity in 12 studies, with pulp, periodontal, and soft and hard tissue regeneration. Bone regeneration was also observed in 9 studies, with acceleration of bone healing, new bone formation, and regeneration of defect areas. In skin regeneration, acceleration in wound epithelialization and collagen deposition were observed in 4 studies. The effects were also evaluated in angiogenesis, with 4 studies demonstrating neovascularization and greater expression of VEGF. Neural regeneration was observed in 5 studies. Furthermore, a study evaluated intratumoral application, demonstrating inhibition of micro-vascular formation.

Conclusões

Therapies based on extracellular vesicles of dental origin are promising for tissue regeneration. They appear to have potential for treating tissues damaged by cancer and its treatments. It is important to highlight that therapies deserve to be further tested in more studies to determine the best therapy and scaffolds to achieve the highest efficiency.

Palavras Chave

Mesenchymal stem cells; Extracellular Vesicles; regenerative oncology