Dados do Resumo

Título

Tumor Angiogenesis: Deciphering the Role of Protein Markers in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis with a Focus on Potential Therapeutic Targets – A Systematic Review

Introdução

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies globally, with high mortality due to metastases at advanced stages. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, is crucial in tumor progression, providing nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells and promoting metastatic spread. Recent studies highlight the importance of identifying molecular markers involved in this process to develop therapeutic strategies that can control CRC progression and metastasis.

Objetivo

To analyze the role of key protein markers in CRC angiogenesis and metastasis, identifying potential therapeutic targets. This systematic review explores how these markers influence tumor progression and evaluates the viability of new treatment strategies based on these mechanisms.

Métodos

This work is a literature review conducted using bibliographic databases. MEDLINE was utilized through the PubMed platform to search for relevant articles. The search was conducted in September 2024. The PubMed platform was used with the following descriptors: (((Neoplasm Proteins) and (Neovascularization, Pathologic)) and (Neoplasm Metastasis)) and (Colorectal Neoplasms), using boolean operators AND, resulting in 167 articles. For article selection, the following filters were applied: free full text; full text; and the last 5 years, resulting in 13 articles. Subsequently, titles were reviewed to select those meeting the inclusion criteria, focusing on articles related to protein markers involved in angiogenesis in metastatic colorectal tumors. Finally, exclusion criteria such as duplicate articles and studies on other types of cancer were applied, resulting in the selection of 6 articles used in the review.

Resultados

Several studies support the association between the expression of molecular markers and increased angiogenesis and metastasis in CRC. Although the literature recognizes the importance of molecules such as KRT17, SH3PXD2A-AS1, endoglin, VEGF, and TPT1-AS1 in tumor progression, it also highlights the complexity of their interactions and the need for further investigation. Key findings include the high expression of KRT17 associated with enhanced migration, invasion, and blood vessel formation in colon cancer cells via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. The non-coding RNA SH3PXD2A-AS1, overexpressed in 70% of CRC tissues, correlated with poorer prognosis by regulating gene transcription via p53. Additionally, endoglin and VEGF markers proved valuable for diagnosis and prognosis, reflecting disease progression and treatment response. The lncRNA TPT1-AS1 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis by modulating VEGF secretion and interacting with the NF90 factor. These molecular markers emerge as potential therapeutic targets, offering new perspectives for managing CRC.

Conclusões

In summary, given the high mortality associated with metastatic CRC, this study investigates the key protein markers involved in tumor angiogenesis based on published articles and explores their potential as therapeutic targets. Identifying these markers is crucial for advancing oncology, both to understand cancer progression mechanisms and to develop more effective treatments. The research is of significant academic and social relevance, contributing to new approaches in the treatment of metastatic CRC.

Palavras Chave

Colorectal cancer; Protein Markers; Therapeutic Targets