Dados do Resumo

Título

MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Ewing Sarcoma

Introdução

Ewing sarcoma arises from a genetic fusion involving the EWS gene and is the second most common bone tumor in childhood. It often develops resistance to available chemotherapeutic agents. MicroRNAs are considered promising therapeutic resources as they can induce changes in cellular signaling. Studies have shown that miR-129-2-3p acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the proliferation of EWS cells and inducing apoptosis. This suggests that this miRNA could be a therapeutic target.

Objetivo

This study aims to thoroughly investigate the therapeutic potential of microRNAs in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma, focusing on understanding the cellular signaling mechanisms involved in tumor suppression, as well as the incidence, growth, and prognosis of the disease.

Métodos

This is an integrative literature review. Searches were conducted in the PubMed and SciELO databases on September 3, 2024, using the descriptors "MicroRNA," "Ewing Sarcoma," and "EWS Gene," with the Boolean operator "AND" between the terms. Selected articles were published between 2017 and 2024. Both English and Portuguese languages were considered, with all articles analyzed by the research team. Initially, 91 articles were identified, of which only 15 met the established criteria for the review. Inclusion criteria were articles published in the last 10 years that had direct relevance to Ewing sarcoma and microRNA. No conflicts of interest were declared by the participants.

Resultados

Ewing sarcoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor that can occur in both bones and soft tissues, predominantly affecting children and young adults, with an estimated annual incidence of 2.93 cases per million in the global population under 20 years, with a predominance in males. MicroRNAs are small molecules that regulate gene expression, and due to their ability to induce widespread changes in cellular signaling networks, they can inhibit multiple messenger RNA transcripts. This makes them promising candidates for therapeutic mechanisms aimed at halting the proliferation of cancer cells. Patients with Ewing sarcoma may benefit from the therapeutic potential of microRNAs due to their ability to overcome treatment resistance and reduce side effects compared to traditional therapies. Studies suggest that miR-129-2-3p is an excellent candidate for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma, as it inhibits the EWS gene responsible for the disease.

Conclusões

The use of microRNAs as therapies for Ewing sarcoma is promising and viable, especially for cases with resistance to chemotherapy. miR-129-2-3p has demonstrated its role in pathogenesis by helping to reduce the aggressive progression of the sarcoma. Therefore, continued study of these small molecules is essential to explore their potential as an innovative treatment strategy.

Financiador do resumo

Não

Palavras Chave

Ewing Sarcoma; MicroRNA; EWS Gene