Dados do Resumo

Título

Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis with Proteomics: Biomarkers and Innovative Approaches.

Introdução

Proteomics, the study of proteins expressed by a genome, has become crucial in breast cancer diagnosis, allowing for detailed analysis of proteins in cancer cells. This method identifies specific biomarkers linked to tumor development and progression, distinguishing normal from malignant tissues. By doing so, proteomics supports early diagnosis, patient stratification, and personalized therapies, enhancing clinical management and prognosis of breast cancer.

Objetivo

This integrative literature review aims to present the main findings from studies on the combination of genomic analysis with proteomic searches in breast cancer, with the goal of developing methods that provide better prognosis, increased efficacy, and early diagnosis.

Métodos

This is an integrative literature review conducted in August 2024, including articles indexed in the MEDLINE database, available on the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (BVS), and PUBMED. The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) used were: 'Breast Neoplasms,' 'Diagnosis,' and 'Proteomics,' with the Boolean operator AND for term intersection. The search strategy yielded 109 studies, of which 17 were selected for this review. The inclusion criteria were prognostic studies, diagnostic studies, screening studies, and controlled clinical trials that describe the use of proteomics in breast cancer diagnosis, published exclusively in English and within the period from 2019 to 2024. Exclusion criteria included incomplete texts, studies relating proteomics to other types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, lung cancer, other gynecological cancers, and duplicate studies.

Resultados

Proteomics has revolutionized the diagnosis of breast cancer, enabling the identification of new protein biomarkers. In this context, omics technologies such as mass spectrometry and protein microarrays allow for the precise detection and quantification of cancer-associated proteins, providing greater sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, new markers offer promising approaches for the non-invasive screening of breast cancer, facilitating early detection through bodily fluids such as blood and urine. In this regard, combining these assay technologies with breast ultrasound significantly enhances clinical outcomes by reducing false positives and negatives, and improving the accuracy of breast lesion detection, making this approach a valuable tool in the clinical management of this type of neoplasia.

Conclusões

The application of proteomics has shown significant advances related to breast cancer. The identification of new protein biomarkers facilitated by omics technologies such as mass spectrometry and protein microarrays, and the integration of these techniques with breast ultrasound have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, promoting early detection. In this sense, proteomics promises to enhance the efficacy of diagnostic methods, offering a promising pathway for the management of this neoplasia.

Palavras Chave

Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis; proteomics