Dados do Resumo

Título

Assessment of the Clinical, Epidemiological, and Anatomopathological Profile of Patients with Recurrence of Breast Cancer Treated at an Oncological Referral Unit in the State of Amazonas

Introdução

The fear of recurrence is a significant issue among breast cancer survivors, affecting 24% to 56% of patients, with notable psychological and behavioral impacts. Recurrence can occur locally, regionally, or as metastasis. Studies indicate a recurrence rate of 36.8% over ten years, with the majority of cases emerging within the first five years and associated with factors such as advanced stage and tumor characteristics. Risk factors include age, obesity, tumor size, and inadequate treatment, highlighting the need for meticulous initial treatment.

Objetivo

This study aims to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and pathological characteristics of patients who were treated at FCECON-AM for recurrent breast cancer previously treated and to identify recurring patterns of factors among these patients.

Métodos

This descriptive, retrospective, and prospective quantitative study was based on the analysis of examinations from patients with recurrent breast cancer between 2021 and 2023 at FCECON-AM. Women referred to the Imaging service were selected based on the following criteria: follow-up of previous breast cancer treatment, mammary lesion confirmed by ultrasound, and age over 18 years. Exclusion criteria included patients who did not undergo biopsy or whose pathological report confirmed benignity.

Initially, a clinical-epidemiological interview was conducted, followed by ultrasound and biopsy of the lesion. Follow-up of results was coordinated with the pathology department. For the retrospective part of the study, patient records were reviewed and TCLE was applied, totaling 51 patients. For the prospective part, weekly recruitment was performed in the Imaging department, resulting in 7 patients. Data analysis was conducted using the JAMOVI software. The project was approved by the CEP on September 18, 2023, under protocol number 6.307.057. CAAE: 70887023.9.0000.0004.

Resultados

A total of 58 women with recurrent breast cancer were analyzed, revealing the following epidemiological profile: 75.9% had no family history of cancer, 63.8% were non-smokers, 80% were sedentary, 53.4% were overweight, and 65% reported prior use of contraceptives. Clinically, 58.6% of patients underwent a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, while a minority received only chemotherapy. It was observed that 74.1% of recurrences occurred within the first 5 years, with mean recurrence times of 4 and 3.8 years, consistent with previous studies. Only 44.8% initiated treatment within 3 months, indicating that 55.2% started treatment after this period, which may influence prognosis. Pathologically, 81% of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 44.8% had histological grade II, 39.7% had tumors between 2.1 and 5 cm, and 34.5% had no lymph node involvement. These findings are consistent with previous studies and confirm the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for breast cancer recurrence.

Conclusões

The study identified a pattern of recurring factors among patients with recurrent breast cancer treated at FCECON. Factors such as absence of a family history of cancer, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, use of contraceptives, time to treatment exceeding 3 months, recurrence within 5 years, grade II, T2 tumors, N0 lymph nodes, and Luminal B type were more frequent.

Palavras Chave

Breast cancer; Recurrence; Pathology