Dados do Resumo

Título

Video Laparoscopic Colectomy in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Impact and Epidemiological Profile of Minimally Invasive Surgery

Introdução

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd most common type of cancer in men and women worldwide. Risk factors include: smoking, long-term constipation, high consumption of fatty foods and alcohol. Surgical resection is one of the main procedures for CRC. Video laparoscopic colectomy has become the best surgical option, due to its advantages such as shorter hospitalization time, complications and postoperative pain, and better recovery of peristalsis and rapid return to activities.

Objetivo

To analyze the epidemiological profile of Video laparoscopic colectomy in Brazilian regions from January 2020 to June 2024, as well as its benefits in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Métodos

This is an epidemiological analysis, whose data was extracted from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), through the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), where the procedures “0407020080 VIDEO LAPAROSCOPIC COLECTOMY” and “0416050034 TOTAL COLECTOMY IN ONCOLOGY” were searched. The variables analyzed were: region, number of hospitalizations, average value of hospitalization, average length of stay, deaths and mortality rate.

Resultados

A total of 1,994 hospitalizations for CRC resection using laparoscopic colectomy were found in Brazil between January 2020 and June 2024. When analyzing the total number of hospitalizations, the Southeast region had the highest rate, with 1,131 hospitalizations. The North region accounted for only 54 hospitalizations, but had the highest average hospitalization cost of R$9,540.78, while the Midwest region had the lowest cost of R$7,881.16. The national average length of stay was 8.5 days. The North region exceeded this average, reaching the highest figure of 10.3 days, as well as having the highest mortality rate of 12.96%, followed by the South with 10.69%. The Central-West region had the lowest mortality rate of only 5.3%.

Conclusões

Video laparoscopic colectomy is an alternative that implements minimally invasive surgery in CRC, proving to be safe and effective. The analysis reported disparities between the regions of the country, since the North region, even with the highest amount invested per hospitalization, had the highest average length of stay and mortality rates, and the opposite happened in the Central-West region. These differences need to be overcome so that all CRC patients can benefit from advances in surgical technique.

Palavras Chave

Colorectal Neoplasms; Colectomy; Laparoscopy