Dados do Resumo

Título

Comparison between incidence and mortality for breast cancer in Latin America and Brazil, 2022-2025

Introdução

Breast cancer exhibits a continuous increase in incidence, being the third most common type among women worldwide. Although the breast cancer incidence rate is more than twice as high in developed countries, the incidence-to-mortality ratio is higher in emerging ones. In Latin America, approximately 50% of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poorer prognosis and reduced likelihood of cure. In Brazil, breast cancer is the most frequency in women, with incidence and mortality influenced by economics and social differences.

Objetivo

This study aims to assess and analyze breast cancer incidence and mortality among women in Latin America, as well as in various Brazilian regions and states. The goal is to identify areas with the highest rates of incidence and mortality and compare these rates with local economic and social factors that may influence the outcomes.

Métodos

Data on breast cancer incidence and mortality in Latin America were collected from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). Age-standardized rates were obtained starting from 20 years of age. Additionally, information on breast cancer rates in women in Brazil was collected through the estimates for the 2023-2025 triennium provided by the National Cancer Institute (INCA) for Brazilian regions and states.

Resultados

According to the data provided by GLOBOCAN, there is generally an increase in breast cancer incidence among women aged 50 to 79 in South American countries. After age 80, most countries demonstrate a constant increase in incidence with advancing age, except for Peru, which shows a slight reduction, and Argentina, which exhibits a significant drop. Regarding mortality, a consensual increase in rates is observed from age 79. For the 2023-2025 triennium estimates provided by INCA, there is variation in age-adjusted rates across Brazilian regions, with 52.83 cases per 100,000 women in the Southeast region, followed by the Central-West region with 47.31; the Northeast region with 27.73; the South region with 41.06; and finally, the North region with 27.73. However, when comparing rates by Federal Units (UF), Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro present the highest indices at 74.79 and 70.57, respectively.

Conclusões

Despite significant advancements in research, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures, breast cancer remains a major global health issue. Late diagnosis can lead to detrimental outcomes for patients, emphasizing the need for countries to invest in projects that increase access to diagnostic tests, aiming to target women with early-stage disease and thereby improving the chances of cure through early treatment.

Palavras Chave

Breast cancer; incidence; Latin America