Dados do Resumo

Título

Epigenetic aspects of breast cancer and their correlation with molecular markers: a science of data

Introdução

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed worldwide cancer, especially in women. Epigenetics reports DNA independent processes and phenotypes, such as methylation and histone modification leading to hypermethylation, gene silencing, hypomethylation of oncogenes, which are crucial for cancer progression, gene expression, cell cycle and alterations in tumor microenvironment. Thus, associations between epigenetic and molecular markers are essential for developing more effective therapies.

Objetivo

Characterize the epigenetic aspects of breast cancer, as well correlate them with molecular markers, types of breast cancer, tumor microenvironment, antitumor mechanisms, chemotherapy and prognosis, while emphasizing the importance of epigenetic data and therapies, for the improvement of treatment.

Métodos

The study was exploratory, descriptive, and quali-quantitative , through statistical analyses and correlations of scientific data reported in PUBMED, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases on epigenetics and breast cancer, published between 2020-2024, as well as searched using the descriptors "breast cancer and epigenetic," excluding review articles and those not aligned with the study objective. Articles were read and analyzed, and data plotted using IBM's SPSS Statistics Program (2023) descriptive statistical analysis by frequencies and significance, and also correlations of test application, binomial, Spearman correlations, and linear regressions, the "p" values with significance for p<0.05, determined to functional roles of epigenetics in breast cancer.

Resultados

A total of 440 articles from PUBMED, 120 from Science Direct, and 80 from SciELO were analyzed, totaling 640. After exclusions, 50 articles remained: 38 from PUBMED, 12 from Science Direct, and 2 from SciELO. Most studies analyzed between 2020 and 2024 were clinical, aiming to determine the efficacy and
safety of various drugs and combinations for breast cancer treatment. The HER2 marker stood out compared to BRCA1/2, GATA4, ATM, and PIK3CA. Molecular markers like HIF-a, TEMT8, PARP, DNMT1, STAT3, PCR2, and NELF4/KAT2B were cited in vivo, while PARP, PKI, COP1, PIK3CA, and GAT45A were mentioned in vitro. Hypermethylation, changes in RNA, deacetylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation, especially H3K27 methylation and KAT2B acetylation, were noted. DNMT1 inhibition and HDAC reduction were frequent, showing positive methylation with DNA/RNAs, and histones with molecular markers, epigenetic therapy, and tumor microenvironment.

Conclusões

The data indicated an relevance of studies of molecular and epigenetic modifications, as well the development of new therapies. Articles cited the determination of an effective treatments for breast cancer, especially epigenetic therapy and immunotherapy targets. However, the clinical importance of epigenetics was not clearly observed. The findings support the need for further research to integrate epigenetic knowledge with molecular markers for new therapeutic alternatives for breast cancer.

Palavras Chave

Breast carcinogenesis; epigenetics; molecular pathways