Dados do Resumo

Título

Guardian of the Genome: The Role of p53 in Cellular Stability

Introdução

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The protein p53 is called the "guardian of the genome" due to its crucial role in responding to internal and external cellular stresses. The TP53 gene, frequently mutated in various neoplasms, is essential for cellular homeostasis, playing a role in controlling proliferation, DNA repair, senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis, which are fundamental for maintaining cellular health.

Objetivo

Our goal is to conduct a literature review with studies demonstrating why the p53 protein is considered the "guardian of the genome" in the scientific community.

Métodos

The chosen methodology for this research was an integrative literature review. Data was collected from the PUBMED database using the descriptors "p53" and "genome," along with four other inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 12 articles.

Resultados

Of the 12 articles found, those not addressing the topic in the title, abstract, or keywords were excluded, resulting in 7 articles that were read and used in the discussion. The discussion highlighted the constant relationship between p53 and disease prognosis, and its critical role in the malignancy of tumors.

Conclusões

The p53 protein is crucial for genomic stability and acts as a tumor suppressor. Mutations in the TP53 gene are common in cancers, affecting up to three domains of the protein and leading to its inactivation. Thus, p53 can be considered the "guardian of the genome," as these mutations disrupt essential intracellular functions. However, further research is needed on its mutations and the involved cellular pathways.

Palavras Chave

guardian_of_the_genome; p53 protein; genome