Dados do Resumo

Título

Epidemiological study of the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by stage and place of residence in Brazil 2014-2024

Introdução

Renal cell carcinoma is the most prevalent form of kidney cancer and carries the highest mortality rate among urological cancers. Staging plays a crucial role in predicting outcomes, with stages I and II associated with high 5-year survival rates. However, because symptoms and detectable masses are typically only observed in more advanced stages during physical examinations, early diagnosis remains challenging and often occurs incidentally through imaging tests.

Objetivo

The present study aims to carry out an epidemiological study of the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by stage of the disease according to the place of residence of the patients in the last ten years using the DATASUS health information system.

Métodos

This descriptive epidemiological study utilized data from the Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial (SIA), Produção Ambulatorial Individualizado (BPA-I), and the Autorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade, as well as the Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) and the Sistema de Informações de Câncer (SISCAN), all of which are available at DATASUS. The data was accessed on July 31, 2024. Diagnostic data from cases of malignant kidney neoplasia, excluding renal pelvis cases, between 2014 and 2024 were included in the study, categorized by region of residence and stage.

Resultados

In the Southeast region, the highest number of diagnosed patients was 14,613, representing 45% of the total, followed by the South region with 24.5%, the Northeast with 18.2%, the Midwest with 7.5%, and the North with 4.8%. Across all regions, there was a predominance of diagnoses in stage IV, indicating locally advanced tumors or metastasis (n=4,372). In the Northeast, South, and Midwest regions, the second most common stage of diagnosis was stage zero, carcinoma in situ (n=247, 250, and 84, respectively). In the Southeast and North regions, the second most common stage of diagnosis was stage III (n=356 and 106, respectively). The smallest number of diagnoses was in stage 1, with initial tissue invasion (n=606), except in the South and Midwest regions, where the lowest number of diagnoses was in stage 2 (n=93 and 42, respectively).

Conclusões

Achieving early diagnosis remains a challenge, often occurring incidentally, as seen in stage 0 diagnoses. It has been observed that the majority of diagnoses occur in advanced stages, resulting in lower survival rates; disparities in access to healthcare may explain regional variations. Implementing strategies for early diagnosis and ensuring equitable access to public health services are essential for reducing mortality associated with this type of cancer.

Palavras Chave

Renal Cancer; Epidemiology; Neoplasm Staging