Dados do Resumo

Título

HER2+ Breast Cancer: Advances and Challenges in Treatment with Trastuzumab

Introdução

HER2+ breast cancer is an aggressive form of the disease. Characterized by an overexpression of HER2 protein which promotes an unrestrained growth of breast cells. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody approved by the FDA in 1988, revolutionized treatment by blocking cell growth signals and improving patient survival rates. Despite its efficiency Trastuzumab may cause side effects, such as cardiotoxicity and resistance developed by some patients, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic approaches.

Objetivo

The objective of this study is to review the efficiency of Trastuzumab in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer, analyze associated side effects and discuss the importance of early diagnosis and complementary therapies to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life regarding affected patients.

Métodos

A literature review was performed focusing on articles published in the last five years, applying the following descriptors: “Trastuzumab”, “Breast Cancer” and “HER2+”. The research encompassed clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis that approached the efficiency of Trastuzumab, the monoclonal antibody adverse effects, along with examining its combination to other therapies such as Pertuzumab. The research was conducted in databases such as “PubMed” and “Scopus”, prioritizing publications that discuss treatment resistance and new therapeutic strategies. The analyzed data was used to identify meaningful tendencies and results that may contribute to clinical practice and future research.

Resultados

The reviewed studies show that Trastuzumab, especially when combined with Pertuzumab and chemotherapy, results in significant increase to survival and response rates in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. The integration of all three therapies showed a median overall survival of 56,5 months, compared to the standard treatment with 40,8 months. Side effects such as cardiotoxicity were reported, but many cases were reversed with adequate examination. Resistance to Trastuzumab was identified on a number of patients, which led to analyzing new targeted therapies along with combined approaches. Early detection and precise evaluation of HER2+ expression are crucial to a successful treatment.

Conclusões

Trastuzumab remains fundamental for HER2+ breast cancer therapy, with positive evidence of its effectiveness at improving survival rates and patients quality of life. However, the occurrence of side effects and treatment resistance highlights the need for continuous research and therapeutic strategies. Early detection and multidisciplinary approaches are fundamental to optimize clinical results. Therapeutic innovation and research are vital to advance the treatment of this challenging disease.

Palavras Chave

Breast cancer HER2+; Trastuzumab; Systematic review