Dados do Resumo

Título

Overview of Cancer Cases Related to Ionizing Radiation Exposure from 2018 to 2023 in Brazil.

Introdução

Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, create ions, and damage cellular DNA. The cancer risk associated with this type of exposure depends on the duration, age, and tissue sensitivity to the carcinogenic effects of radiation. The sources of ionizing radiation may be natural, such as radon gas, associated with lung cancer due to its deposition in the respiratory tract, or artificial, such as X-rays and gamma rays, linked to cancers of the stomach, bones, and breast.

Objetivo

To analyze the landscape of cancer cases associated with ionizing radiation exposure in Brazil from 2018 to 2023, exploring trends, most frequent occupations and impact on public health.

Métodos

The study utilized data from the SINAN (National Disease Notification System) of DATASUS, covering the period from 2018 to 2023. Notifications were categorized by region/state of residence, year of notification, race, and occupation. The descriptive analyses were conducted to identify patterns and trends related to ionizing radiation exposure in Brazil.

Resultados

From 2018 to 2023, Brazil reported 4.047 ionizing radiation-related cancer cases. The North had 47 cases, with Pará having 25. The Northeast reported 327 cases, with Rio Grande do Norte contributing 195. The Southeast had 1.614 cases, predominantly from Minas Gerais (1.173). The South had 1.477 cases, with Paraná responsible for 1.186. The Midwest reported 612 cases, 480 from Mato Grosso do Sul. Annual cases ranged from 398 in 2018 to 1.464 in 2023, indicating either increased exposure or improved reporting. Most cases were among whites (2.812). Agricultural, domestic, and construction workers were the most affected. The clear predominance in the South and among whites highlights the need for better registry systems, prevention programs, policies, and improved screening and treatment for those at higher risk.

Conclusões

This review highlights a rise in ionizing radiation-related cancer cases in Brazil, mainly in the Southeastern states. Caucasians and workers in agriculture, domestic, and construction sectors are most affected. Early screening for these groups is crucial for better treatment outcomes, underscoring the need for well-structured public health policies focused on cancer care and prevention.

Palavras Chave

Epidemiology; Ionizing Radiation; Câncer